Brass

There are many distinct types of trumpet, having a tubing length of about 1.48 m. Early trumpets did not provide means to change the length of tubing, whereas modern instruments generally have three valves  in order to change their pitch . There are eight combinations of three valves, making seven different tubing lengths, with the third valve sometimes used as an alternate fingering equivalent to the 1–2 combination.
The trumpet group ranges from the piccolo with the highest register in the brass family, to the bass trumpet, which is pitched one octave below the standard B-flat or C Trumpet.

The French Horn is a brass instrument made of tubing wrapped into a coil with a flared bell. You get a single or double French Horn. The double horn in F/B♭ is most often used by players in professional orchestras and bands. Three valves control the flow of air in the single horn, which is tuned to F or less commonly B♭. The more common double horn has a fourth, trigger valve, usually operated by the thumb, which routes the air to one set of tubing tuned to F or another tuned to B♭ which expands the horn range to over four octaves and blends with flutes or clarinets in a woodwind ensemble. 

The Alto horn is a valved brass instrument  which has a predominantly conical bore like the baritone horn and flugelhorn. The tenor horn’s conical bore and deep mouthpiece produce a mellow, rounded tone which is often used as a middle voice, supporting the melodies of the trumpets, cornets or flugelhorns, and filling the gap above the lower tenor and bass instruments (the trombone, baritone horn, euphonium and tuba). Its valves are typically, though not exclusively, piston valves.

The euphonium is a medium-sized, 3 or 4-valve, often compensating, conical bore, tenor voiced brass instrument. Nearly all current models have piston valves, though some models with rotary valves do exist.  It is extremely similar to a baritone horn. The difference is that the bore size of the baritone horn is typically smaller than that of the euphonium, and the baritone is a primarily cylindrical bore, whereas the euphonium is predominantly conical bore. The cylindrical baritone offers a brighter sound and the conical euphonium offers a more mellow sound.

The tuba (bass) is the lowest-pitched musical instrument in the brass family. Tubas are most commonly found in B♭ ( but do get made in various other pitches F, E♭, C,). The tuba is generally constructed of brass, which is either unfinished,  lacquered or  with gold, nickel or silver. Unfinished brass will tarnish eventually and must be periodically polished to maintain its appearance.